![]() Socially isolated mice showed increased anxiety levels, reduced exploratory behaviors, and reduced gephyrin levels. Gephyrin protein expression, microglial profile changes, NF-κB pathway activation, cytokine level, and serum corticosterone were measured. The anxiety-like behaviors after DHM treatment were examined using elevated plus-maze and open field behavioral tests. ![]() MethodsĮight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were housed under absolute social isolation for 4 weeks. Because GABAergic transmission modulates the immune system in addition to the inhibitory signal transmission, we investigated the effects of short-term social isolation on the neuroimmune system. Previously, we have demonstrated dihydromyricetin (DHM), the major bioactive flavonoid extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, exhibits anxiolytic properties in a mouse model of social isolation-induced anxiety. Further, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home order, social isolation, fear of the pandemic, and unprecedented times, the incidence of anxiety has dramatically increased. Although anxiolytic therapies are available, many patients still exhibit treatment resistance, relapse, or substantial side effects. and are estimated to consume one-third of the country’s mental health treatment cost. Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental illnesses in the U.S.
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